Pesticide Contamination of Potable Water and Its Correlation with Water Quality in Different Regions of Punjab, Pakistan

The widespread use of pesticides leads to the contamination groundwater, which harms environment and threatens life. goal current study was determine degree pesticide groundwater in agricultural regions with varying degrees use. In 15 districts Punjab province Pakistan, chemical residues major groups including, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, carbamates pyrethroids were detected water samples. Two most commonly used herbicides, isoproturan diuron, also tested but not any Five southern Punjab/core area had highly contaminated due presence from all insecticide groups. Although less severe than core area, a different set five central significant issues. located marginal lowest amount residues. highest levels imidacloprid identified throughout winter season. Thiacloprid, fipronil, acetamiprid nearly samples, non-significant differences concentrations summer seasons, as well non-core areas. Different quality parameters pH, electrical conductivity temperature correlations Overall, it is concerning that insecticides are widely contaminating groundwater. This issue should be managed through integrated pest management, non-chemical control strategies, judicious practices.